Global Thoughts: Different Kinds of Thieves
By Gwynne Dyer
What’s the difference between smash-and-grab raids and protection rackets? Not all that much from the legal point of view, but protection rackets have a lower level of risk and a higher rate of returns.
Take Rwanda, for example. President Paul Kagame is running no personal risks, but the Tutsi soldiers of the M23 rebel army, which essentially works for him, are fighting an actual war in the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
The current task of the M23 army is to seize control of the part of eastern DRC that borders Rwanda and steal the rich mineral reserves of that region: gold, cobalt, and above all coltan, which is essential for smartphones and almost all other sophisticated electronic devices.
This region contains up to 60% of the global reserves of coltan ore, and it’s easy to steal and market. Stolen coltan currently accounts for a secret but significant share of Rwandan government income, but it’s a typical smash-and-grab operation: lots of violence and a short-term perspective.
It’s working well: M23 seized all of North Kivu last month, and has already conquered most of South Kivu
this month. Paul Kagame has even sent 4,000 Rwandan soldiers along to back up the local thugs, but this is the third time in thirty years that Rwanda has sent its army into the eastern DRC to grab resources. Lots of people die, but it never lasts.
Whereas a protection racket is a long-term relationship: “Nice little shop/country you’ve got here. You wouldn’t want to see it smashed/destroyed now, would you? Just have the cash ready every Friday and nothing bad will happen to you.” Or in Ukraine’s case, just have half your mineral output loaded up for shipment every Friday and you won’t be hurt.
“I told them that I want the equivalent of like $500 billion worth of rare earths, and they’ve essentially
agreed to do that,” Donald Trump told the Ukrainian government last week. Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky knew the mob would be coming round for its cut, and he got his offer to pay in first.
Trump often talks before he thinks, so the first number out of his mouth in reply was $500 billion. That’s almost five times the value of US military and civilian aid to Ukraine since the Russian invasion three years ago ($116 billion), but it’s far less than Trump could really screw out of a country with its back to the wall.
In a couple of days, therefore, Trump upped the demand hugely – but he followed Zelensky’s suggestion that it should come out of Ukraine’s future mineral wealth, since Kyiv currently has no spare money at all.
Trump said he now wanted 50% of Ukraine’s future income from exploiting its reserves of rare metals and
critical materials: titanium, uranium, lithium, beryllium, manganese, gallium, zirconium, graphite, apatite, fluorite and nickel. Half Ukraine’s mineral income forever could be worth as much as $5 trillion.
Zelensky didn’t fall for that, so now they are in a negotiation. It’s not just about the price Ukraine pays for
survival, but also about what assurances Trump can give that paying off America will really guarantee Ukraine’s survival.
The underlying difficulty is that the White House mob has farmed the enforcement work out to the Kremlin mob, and the Russians may hate Ukraine enough to insist on destroying it even if Trump makes his deal with Zelensky.
It’s the downside of protection rackets. It’s a crowded field, and there are always rival mobs trying to spoil your play or cut you out completely. Don Corleone had to deal with problems like this in his (fictional) past, and Don Kagame has been handling them successfully most of his life. Don Trump is new to this game, and we shall see.
